Analysis of hydrogen-powered propulsion system alternatives for diesel-electric regional trains

Non-electrified regional railway lines with typically employed diesel-electric multiple units require alternative propulsion systems to meet increasingly strict emissions regulations. With the aim identify an optimal conventional diesel traction, this paper presents a model-based assessment of hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine or fuel cells as prime mover, combined different energy storage system configurations, based on lithium-ion batteries and/or double-layer capacitors. The analysis encompasses technology identification, design, modelling and powertrains, explicitly considering case-related constraints imposed by infrastructure, technical operational requirements. Using network in Netherlands case, we investigate possibilities converting benchmark vehicle provide undertaking decision-makers valuable input for planning future rolling stock investments. results indicate highest fuel-saving potential cell-based hybrid battery that combines both technologies. two configurations also demonstrate reduction greenhouse gas compared diesel-driven vehicle, about 25% hydrogen produced steam methane reforming, 19% obtained from electrolysis water grey electricity.